Multivariate Analysis of Macroinvertebrate Diversity and Water Quality in the Suchindram Theroor Wetland Complex

The Suchindram Theroor wetland complex in Tamil Nadu is part of the ecologically significant wetlands, serving as a vital biodiversity hotspot and supporting diverse aquatic and terrestrial species. Despite its importance, this wetland faces severe ecological stress due to extensive anthropogenic pressures, including mining activities, agricultural runoff, and urbanization. This study investigates the wetland’s ecological health through analysis of aquatic macroinvertebrate diversity and water quality. Macroinvertebrates were sampled using the kick-net method across three selected stations in September 2024. A total of 372 individuals were identified, encompassing 21 taxa, 17 families, and 10 orders, primarily representing the phyla Arthropoda, Mollusca, and Annelida. Arthropods, particularly Diploneoceus sp. dominated the community structure. Simpson, Shannon and Evenness indices revealed moderate biodiversity, indicating environmental stress and habitat disturbance. The integration of multivariate techniques, including Correspondence Analysis (CA), revealed significant correlations between macroinvertebrate diversity and water quality parameters such as dissolved oxygen, turbidity, pH and nutrient concentrations. Elevated levels of pollutants and habitat alterations were identified as key drivers influencing community composition. These findings underscore the wetland's ecological deterioration and highlight the critical need for effective conservation measures and sustainable management practices. By linking biological indicators with water quality assessments, this study provides valuable insights into the long-term impacts of anthropogenic disturbances on wetland ecosystems, contributing to the global discourse on wetland conservation and restoration.